Fig-4. Comparisons of the ice force between the observed values and calculated values, and the relationships between the observed values and the form of gouged surface and a tendency for the sand to be gouged less, as the θ increased, occurred.
2) No systematic differences occurred in the ice forces due to the difference in the θ.
3) For the changes in velocity of the movement of the model ice, the ice forces dispersed a little but they were not systematic differences.
4) When comparing the ice forces between the calculated values and the observed values, at an inclination of sand of 1/10, the observed values were a little greater, that is, they did not agree with the calculated values very well. However, at an inclination of 1/5, they almost agreed with each other.
5) The observed values of the ice forces depended greatly on the gouging curve or the inclination of the curve at the plotted point (the differential coefficient).
References
1) Kioka et al., (1995) Mechanism of Ice Gouging, Proceedings of Civil Engineering in the Ocean, Vol. 11, pp. 223-228.
2) Kioka, S. and Saeki, H., (1995) Mechanisms of Ice Gouging, Proceedings of Fifth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Vol. 2, pp. 398-402.
3) Kunimatsu et al., (1993) Damage of Fishery Resources due to Ice Gouging, Proceeding of Cold Region Technology Conference '93, pp. 381-386.
